Trifunctional antibody

In addition, its intact Fc-part can bind to an Fc receptor on accessory cells like conventional monospecific antibodies.

After application, the patient's immune system usually produces anti-drug antibodies, which represent early indicators for a beneficial clinical outcome.

[15] Cross-linking leads to the release of cytokines, resulting in manageable adverse effects like fever, nausea and vomiting, that were generally reversible and mainly related to the immunological mode of action (e.g.

Another way of immunotherapeutic intervention strategies is the exploration of bispecific antibodies with different structures, of which bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs) have been produced since the mid-2000s.

Single species (mouse/mouse or rat/rat) quadromas, by contrast, produce up to ten different kinds of antibody, most of which have mismatched heavy or light chains, or both.

The mechanism of action of a trifunctional antibody, exemplified by catumaxomab
Possible combinations of light and heavy chains in antibodies produced by quadroma cell lines. The seven antibodies on the left have at least one mismatched binding region. Of the three antibodies on the right, two are not hybridised, and the remaining (rightmost) is the desired trifunctional antibody. Mixed-species quadromas produce (nearly) none of the seven mismatched antibodies.