[5] The population was 26,305 at the 2020 census, making it Miami County's largest city and Ohio's 55th-largest.

30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Troy is home to the Troy-Hayner Cultural Center, a 1914 Romanesque mansion donated to the city by Mary Jane Harter Coleman Hayner.

The Troy-Hayner houses the Hayner Distillery Collection[14] and a variety of works by local artists.

Hobart manufactured and built 22 homes, all in Troy, 16 of which survive and are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

[16] The City of Troy has a statutory form of government, as described in Ohio Revised Code Sections 731 and 733.

The mayor, auditor and law director are elected to four-year terms.

The Troy Fire Department serves 74.2 square miles with the city and three townships averaging over 5,000 incidents a year.

[17] The Western Ohio Japanese Language School (オハイオ西部日本語学校 Ohaio Seibu Nihongo Gakkō) is a supplementary weekend Japanese school in unincorporated Miami County, near Troy.

[18] Troy is home to the Hobart Institute of Welding Technology, founded in 1930.

[19] The city and surrounding area are served by a daily newspaper based in Troy, Miami Valley Today; the radio station WTJN-LP "POWER 107.1" 107.1 FM; and the magazine Troy Living.