[6] The population was 26,305 at the 2020 census, making it Miami County's largest city and Ohio's 55th-largest.

30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

Troy is home to the Troy-Hayner Cultural Center,[15] a 1914 Romanesque mansion donated to the city by Mary Jane Harter Coleman Hayner.

The Troy-Hayner houses the Hayner Distillery Collection[16] and a variety of works by local artists.

Hobart manufactured and built 22 homes, all in Troy, 16 of which survive and are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places.

[18] The City of Troy has a statutory form of government, as described in Ohio Revised Code Sections 731 and 733.

The Troy Fire Department serves 74.2 square miles with the city and three townships averaging over 5,000 incidents a year.

[19][20] A part of Troy is in Miami East Local School District.

[19] The Western Ohio Japanese Language School (オハイオ西部日本語学校 Ohaio Seibu Nihongo Gakkō) is a supplementary weekend Japanese school in unincorporated Miami County, near Troy.

[21] Troy is home to the Hobart Institute of Welding Technology, founded in 1930.

[22] The city and surrounding area are served by a daily newspaper based in Troy, Miami Valley Today; the radio station WTJN-LP "POWER 107.1" 107.1 FM; and the magazine Troy Living.