Troy University's athletics nickname was the Red Wave until the early 1970s when the student body voted to change the name to Trojans.

A member of the Sun Belt Conference, Troy sponsors teams in eight men's and nine women's NCAA sanctioned sports.

The Men of Troy were the 2-seed in the Tuscaloosa Regional in 2006, defeating the Southern Miss Golden Eagles twice, but were eliminated by the Alabama Crimson Tide in the championship game.

Following the season, Jared Keel, Mike Felix, and Tom King were selected in the MLB draft.

In 2007 the Trojans went 34–27, finishing in a tie for second in the Sun Belt Conference, and were selected as a number three seed in the Oxford Regional hosted by Ole Miss.

The Trojans were defeated by Southern Miss and Sam Houston State in consecutive games and eliminated from the regional.

In 2011, the Trojans struck again by winning the Sun Belt regular season title and earning a bid to the Nashville Regional as a 3-seed.

Troy finished the 2013 regular season ranked #21 in the College Baseball News poll.

The Troy University men's basketball team is currently under the direction of head coach Scott Cross.

Because of this, Troy made its way back to the NIT for the second time since 2004, falling to Ole Miss in the first round.

Troy's biggest claim to fame, however, is their game against DeVry Institute of Atlanta on January 12, 1992 when the Trojans came out victorious by the NCAA-record score of 258–141.

The football program won five straight Sun Belt titles from 2006 to 2010, finishing their run in 2010 with a New Orleans Bowl win over Ohio by a score of 48-21.

During that season, Troy cracked the AP Top 25 for the first time since the program joined the FBS in 2001.

Chip Lindsey was hired after Neal Brown accepted the head coaching position at West Virginia in 2019.

Defensive coordinator Brandon Hall served as interim head coach until Jon Sumrall was hired December 2, 2021.

Troy's track and field men's teams routinely feature some of the best athletes in the Sun Belt Conference, as well as the country.

In 1997, the Troy University women's basketball team, under the direction of head coach Jerry Hester, won the Mid Continent Conference (now the Summit League) tournament championship in Buffalo, New York, and received an automatic berth to the NCAA Tournament where the Trojans traveled to Charlottesville, Virginia, and fell in the first round to the Virginia by a score of 96–74.

In 2020, the Trojans won the Sun Belt regular season conference championship for the first time in program history.

The Lady Trojans would receive a bid to play in the NCAA Play-In Series versus Southeast Missouri State, where they would sweep the Redhawks by scores of 3-2 and 1-0.

The Troy men's and women's tennis teams have a short but successful history in the sport.

The men's team has won the 2010 and 2015 Sun Belt titles, finishing with rankings as high as #51 in the nation.

The women have been extremely successful recently, capturing three Sun Belt Conference titles and also receiving an individual at-large NCAA Regional berth for player Fátima Fernández Cano in 2016.