Of middle-class origin, Neugart studied in the classical schools of the Benedictine abbeys of St George and St. Blasien, entered the order at the latter monastery in 1759, and was ordained priest 1765; in 1767 he was appointed professor of biblical languages at the University of Freiburg.
While engaged in this work he published a treatise on penance, Doctrina de sacramento poenitentiae recte administrando (St Blasien, 1778).
On Gerbert's death in 1793, Neugart declined the title of abbot but accepted the provostship of Bad Krozingen, near Freiburg, so as to be able to devote himself entirely to historical studies.
He published the original charters and documents for the history of the Diocese of Constance in a separate publication, Codex diplomaticus Alemanniae et Burgundiae transjuranae intra fines dioecesis Constantiensis (I, St. Blasien, 1791; II, St. Blansien, 1795).
With this as a basis he wrote in Krozingen the first instalment of his history of the Diocese of Constance Episcopatus Constantiensis Alemannicus sub metropoli Moguntina (part I, vol.