Tugay

Tugay[a][b] is a form of riparian forest or woodland associated with fluvial and floodplain areas in arid climates.

These wetlands are subject to periodic inundation, and largely dependent on floods and groundwater rather than directly from rainfall.

The Central Asian countries hold another 31%, with smaller areas remaining in the Middle East and Pakistan.

[3] Close to rivers and where groundwater levels are shallow, the vegetation is usually dominated by poplars (especially Populus euphratica)[3] and willows such as Salix songarica.

[4] The principal causes for the loss of tugai vegetation include dam construction, tree cutting, grazing, and agriculture.