[6] The social network of the first wave of political emigration of Turkish Bulgarians became the basis of labour migration to Western Europe after the collapse of the totalitarian regime in Bulgaria in late 1989.

Thus, the preservation of kinship has opened an opportunity for many Turkish Bulgarian to continue to migrate to Western Europe, especially to Austria, Germany and Sweden.

[7] More recently, once Bulgaria became a member of the European Union during the 2007 enlargement, the number of Turkish Bulgarian migrants in Austria increased further due to their freedom of movement rights as EU citizens.

[7] In the 2010s, the Turkish-dominated Movement for Rights and Freedoms political party in Bulgaria has been mobalising hundreds of Turkish Bulgarians in Austria, Germany and Spain.

[8] The first mass migration of the Turkish minority of Western Thrace (located in Greece) to Austria began in the 1960s and intensified further between 1970-2010 due to political and economic reasons.

[11]A report published by the Human Rights Watch in 1990 confirmed that: Under Article 19, ethnic Turks can be stripped of their citizenship by an administrative decree, without a hearing.

[9] More recently, the second mass migration wave of ethnic Turks from Greece has been significantly larger in numbers, although it occurred only within eight years, between 2010-18, due to the Greek government-debt crisis.

[13] Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, there has been a significant decrease in the population of the Turkish Romanian minority group due to the admission of Romania into the European Union and the subsequent relaxation of the travelling and migration regulations.

[1] A report by the Initiative Minderheiten suggested a lower figure of 360,000 people of Turkish origin in 2011,[1] which was also echoed by the former Austrian Foreign Minister and current Chancellor of Austria Sebastian Kurz.

[19] In the 2020 Viennese state election, According to analysis published by the OGM Institute, 20% of voters of Turkish immigrant background voted for Social Austria of the Future (SÖZ), making it the second-most popular party among this demographic.