The park is located in the Sierra Maestra mountain range.

The park protects a total area of 229.38 km2 (88.56 sq mi).

[2] The park was named for Pico Turquino, the highest point in Cuba at 1,975 m (6,480 ft) in elevation.

The park has tropical forest habitats, including the lower elevation Cuban moist forests and higher elevation Cuban pine forests ecoregions.

The park's area includes a section of Cuba's southeastern coast habitat, at the beach of Marea del Portillo.