The caldera, which has a diameter of around 30 kilometres, contains rich volcanic soils which supports agriculture, with the primary crop in the area being Sugarcane.

The two primary ranges which form the rim of the caldera are the mountain belt formed by the [[Tweed Range, Lamington Plateau and Springbrook Plateau and it’s eastward extensions consisting of ridges extending in a general northeastern direction towards the Gold Coast.

The rivers and creeks also generally flow in the valleys between the ridges and radiate outwards in a similar way as the mountains.

An easterly ridge which connects to the main Springbrook Plateau contains the twin peaks of Mount Cougal.

Extending from the East Peak of Mount Cougal is a ridge which leads to Boyds Butte, an exposed rock feature.

Much of the mountains in the Tweed Caldera rim are covered in various types of forest, predominantly subtropical rainforest.

These various volcanic origin features have a large vertical component, and the cliffs host lithophytic species.

Some notable and easily observable lithophytic plants within the Tweed Volcano area include: -Doryanthes palmeri -Hoya australis -Dendrobium kingianum -Dendrobium speciosum