Twelver Shia holy days

The first ten days of Muharram are marked by a series of commemorative rituals, observed as a period of mourning and reflection in remembrance of the martyrdom of Imam Hussein.

From the beginning of Muharram in the Hijri calendar, Shia communities engage in various rituals, such as wearing black attire, holding religious ceremonies, convening mourning councils in Husseiniyas or private homes, and participating in processions to express grief.

[1][2] Muharram 25 marks the anniversary of the martyrdom of the fourth Shia Imam, Ali ibn al-Hussein al-Sajjad, also known as Zayn al-Abidin.

[11] The 8th of Rabi' al-Awwal: The anniversary of the martyrdom of the eleventh Imam Hasan al-Askari, who was poisoned by al-Mu'adh al-Abbasi in the city of Samarra in 260 AH.

These days commemorate the martyrdom of Fatima Zahra, the daughter of Muhammad, and are designated as periods of mourning and reflection, observed annually.

[19] The 13th of Jumada al-Thani commemorates the anniversary of the passing of Fatima al-Kalabiya, also known as Umm al-Banin, the wife of Ali ibn Abi Talib, who died in the year 64 AH.

These days are associated with various virtuous actions, prayers, and Azkar(remembrance of God), and it is recommended that individuals perform i'tikaf (spiritual retreat) during this period.

The 15th of Rajab is significant as it marks the anniversary of the death of Imam Ali's daughter, Zainab, in the year 63 AH, according to Shia narratives.

[30] The 15th of Ramadan, known as Gargee'an, marks the birth of Imam al-Hasan al-Mujtaba, the son-in-law of Muhammad, who was born in the third year of the Hijrah.

[31] The 1st of Shawwal marks the day of Eid al-Fitr, an Islamic holiday celebrated by Muslims that occurs immediately following the fasting month of Ramadan.

[34] The 30th of Dhu al-Qa'dah marks the passing of Imam Muhammad al-Jawad, who died at the age of 25 due to poisoning by Caliph al-Mu'tasim.

[35] The 1st of Dhu al-Hijjah marks the anniversary of the marriage of Imam Ali to Fatima Zahra, which took place in the first year of the Hijrah.

[36] The 7th of Dhu al-Hijjah marks the martyrdom of Imam Muhammad ibn Ali al-Baqir, which occurred in the year 114 AH.

This day commemorates the event in the tenth year of the Hijrah when, while returning to Medina from the farewell pilgrimage, Muhammad ordered a stop at a location called Ghadir Kham, where he delivered important commandments to the Muslims.