Tympanum (hand drum)

In ancient Greece and Rome, the tympanon (τύμπανον) or tympanum, was a type of frame drum or tambourine.

[2] The first depiction in Greek art appears in the 8th century BC, on a bronze votive disc found in a cave on Crete that was a cult site for Zeus.

The performance of frenzied music contributed to achieving the ecstatic state that Dionysian worshippers desired.

[5] The tympanum was the most common of the musical instruments associated with the rites of Cybele in the art and literature of Greece and Rome, but does not appear in representations from Anatolia, where the goddess originated.

[6] From the 6th century BC, the iconography of Cybele as Meter ("Mother", or in Latin Magna Mater, "Great Mother") may show her with the tympanum balanced on her left arm, usually seated and with a lion on her lap or in attendance.