Typhleotris madagascariensis is a species of fish in the family Milyeringidae that is endemic to Madagascar, where it is only known from underground waters in the southwestern portion of the island.

[3] This species is known from more than 10 caves and sinkholes in the Mahafaly Plateau region, in places where the water temperature typically ranges from 26 to 30 °C (79–86 °F) and the pH is slightly above neutral.

[2] Although considered endangered because of its restricted range and not found to be common anywhere in its range in earlier studies,[1] recent surveys found that the species is locally abundant, occurring in especially high numbers in the Andranoilove, Andriamaniloke, Lalia and Mitoho caves.

[2] In the southern part of its range, T. madagascariensis co-occurs with T. mararybe, which is not as common or widespread.

[2][3] Some of the limestone caves where this fish can be found are protected by the Tsimanampetsotsa National Park, including the Mitoho Grotto tourist site.