It runs 52 miles (84 km) from Panama City north to the Alabama State Line in Bay and Jackson Counties.

For the rest of its journey through the state, US 231 runs as a four-lane divided highway, except in specific towns and cities.

After US 231 leaves Harrison Avenue, the tracks that run alongside the northbound lane are hidden by small trees.

After this it intersects Edwards Drive, which while only a local road leading to an industrial area across the tracks, also has an intersection with Industrial Drive which is the address of the headquarters of Bay Line Railroad the company that inherited the A&SAB railroad line running along US 231.

Around Nixon the road begins to curve more to the north, and the A&SAB railroad tracks still remain parallel to the northbound lane.

The divider begins again at a dirt road named Pamela Lane that momentarily runs parallel to US 231 before making a right turn in front of a local lumber store.

North of there, the A&SAB railroad line branches away from US 231 to the northeast, but is encountered again as it makes a reverse curve over a pair of bridges over the tracks.

This track runs parallel to a former segment of the road and returns to ground level at the Pine Lake RV Park.

Further north into Downtown Cottondale, the speed limit is reduced and the divider ends once again as the road becomes Main Street, although it remains four-lanes wide just south of the intersection of U.S. Route 90.

North of US 90, the road runs briefly through a school zone and four blocks later intersects an at-grade crossing with the CSX P&A Subdivision, which is just east of a junction with the A&SAB railroad line.

Roughly around Milton Street, the area becomes surprisingly residential with random local businesses such as farm stands churches.

Just after Dogwood Drive, plastic pylons run along the double-solid line along the left-turn lane for County Road 169 then US 231 becomes a divided highway north of the city limits and curves to the northeast again.

Between Misty Trail and New Bethel Road, Route 231 curves to the west where the divided highway ends just before another bridge over the A&SAB railroad line as it enters Campbellton.

The shield for US 231 was yellow with black lettering and a white outline, until the state was forced by the federal government to conform to standards that required consistent black-and-white signs in 1993.

In the 1990s and early 21st century, residents of Dothan, Alabama across the state line sought to transform US 231 into a spur of an interstate highway.