The club, founded in 1901, is based in the small town of Gaillac, in southwestern France, in the département of Tarn, some 70 km northeast of Toulouse.

In 1948, the club associated with the local train workers and became Union Athlétique des Cheminots (Railwaymen) de Gaillac.

Gaillac was always in the lower divisions of the southwest rugby leagues until it managed to reach the lowest level of the national championship in 1968.

Gaillac finished in 10th place in their first season in Pro D2, but ran into serious financial difficulties, and proposed a merger with the nearby Graulhet club.

The merger fell through, and after the end of the 2006-07 season, the French sporting authorities forcibly relegated Gaillac to Fédérale 1.