USS Sylvania (AKA-44) was an Artemis-class attack cargo ship in service with the United States Navy from 1945 to 1946.

She was laid down on 24 February 1945 by the Walsh-Kaiser Co., Inc., Providence, R.I.; launched on 25 April 1945; sponsored by Miss Mary H. O'Neil; delivered to the Navy and commissioned on 19 May 1945.

Sylvania completed fitting out and loading at Boston and sailed for Norfolk on 4 June to begin her shakedown training.

The Panama Canal was transited on 27 July; and, after a port call at Eniwetok, Marshall Islands, the transport arrived at Manila on 26 August.

Sylvania and other ships of Transport Squadron 14 sortied from Manila on 20 September en route to Japan.