Udon Thani first came to historical notice in the Rattanakosin era, when Anuwong of Vientiane staged a rebellion against Thai rule and marched his army to Nakhon Ratchasima in 1826.

He captured the city by a ruse, but the garrison he left to hold it unexpectedly met with fierce resistance from the disarmed local forces led by Lady Mo, the wife of Nakhon Ratchasima's governor.

The Thai army pursued him, and the rival forces met in battle at Nong Bua Lamphu, a small city near today's Udon Thani.

[5] Once known as Ban Mak-kaeng, Udon Thani was originally settled as a military base established by Prince Prachaksinlapakhom to suppress an uprising in the northeastern city of Lao Puan.

He founded Udon Thani town in 1893, established the civil administration and served important official duties for the region.

[6] The province is best known for the prehistoric archaeological site at Ban Chiang and its Bronze Age relics, in a hamlet about 50 kilometers (31 mi) east of Udon Thani.

[7] The United States turned the base over to the Royal Thai Air Force in 1976, but its presence left three residual effects on Udon.

Second, the base created long-standing ties with the United States, including a US consulate in Udon (closed in 1995), and a US Veterans of Foreign Wars post.

[citation needed] In recent years Udon received international attention because of the discovery of large potash deposits.

The districts are further subdivided into 155 sub-districts (tambon) and 1682 villages (muban): As of 26 November 2019 there are:[15] one Udon Thani Provincial Administrative Organization – PAO (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 71 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province.

Udon Thani's geographic position in the north of northeastern Thailand and its proximity to the Laotian capital, Vientiane, has contributed to the province's rapid development as a transport and industrial hub.

This has created jobs and attracted migrants from other states as well as from overseas, particularly from Indonesia, the Philippines, Vietnam, Myanmar, Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and China.

Population in eact Districts as follow: [17] Udon Thani is linked to the rest of Thailand by comprehensive air, road and rail connections.