Ugo Poletti (19 April 1914 – 25 February 1997) was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church who served as Vicar General of Rome from 1973 to 1991, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1973.

He received his episcopal consecration on the following 14 September from Archbishop Vincenzo Gremigni, MSC, with Bishops Mario Longo Dorni and Francesco Brustia serving as co-consecrators.

[1] Earlier, in July 1976, the newsletter Bulletin de l'Occident Chrétien had claimed that Poletti himself, among other high-ranking Church officials, was a Freemason, having been initiated on 17 February 1969, with the Masonic code name of "Upo".

According to David Yallop, in his 1984 book In God's Name, it was because of these alleged Masonic connections that Pope John Paul I had planned on transferring Poletti as Archbishop of Florence.

In that same year, he allegedly authorized the interment of gangster Enrico De Pedis in the crypt of Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine Church in Rome.