Stoic physics (c. 300 BCE–3rd century CE) called the primitive substance of the universe pneuma or God, which is everything that exists and is a creative force that develops and shapes the cosmos.
[8][9][10] In major schools of Hindu philosophy, it is the material, efficient, formal and final cause of all that exists.
[8][10][13] Brahman as a metaphysical concept is the single binding unity behind diversity in all that exists in the universe.
Abrahamic conceptions of ultimate reality show diversity, in which some perspectives consider God to be a personal deity, while others have taken more abstract views.
Similarly, Maimonides believed that God is a perfect unity and is indescribable with positive attributes, and that anthropomorphic imagery in the Bible is metaphorical.
Contemporary philosophy notes the possibility that reality has no fundamental explanation and should be seen as a brute fact.
According to Dadosky, the concept of "ultimate reality" is difficult to express in words, poetry, mythology, and art.
[...] Thus it is easy to understand that religious man deeply desires to be, to participate in reality, to be saturated with power.Common symbols of ultimate reality include world trees, the tree of life, microcosm, fire, children.
[20] Paul Tillich held that God is the ground of being and is something that precedes the subject and object (philosophy) dichotomy.