Cyr Joseph Ulysse Chevalier (24 February 1841 – 27 October 1923) was a French Catholic priest, bibliographer, and historian who specialized in the European Middle Ages.

Chevalier brought to light a memorandum from 1389 in which the Bishop of Troyes declared that the Shroud was a clever forgery and that the artist responsible had confessed to it years before.

More recently, defenders of the Shroud's authenticity like the paleographer Emmanuel Poulle have accused Chevalier of manipulating the historical documents to make his case.

There Chevalier studied the history behind the pious legend according to which the house of Mary the mother of Jesus had been transported by angels from Nazareth to Tersatto (in modern Croatia) and then to Loreto in Italy, where it forms the centerpiece of the Basilica della Santa Casa.

Chevalier found that no authentic documents mention that miraculous translation until 1472, 180 years after it was alleged to have taken place, and that there are no records of any comparable edifice having been venerated in Nazareth as the home of Mary.