Authorization

[1] More formally, "to authorize" is to define an access policy during the configuration of systems and user accounts.

Most modern, multi-user operating systems include role-based access control (RBAC) where authorization is implicitly defined by the roles.

On the basis of the "principle of least privilege": consumers should only be authorized to access whatever they need to do their jobs.

"Partially trusted" and guests will often have restricted authorization in order to protect resources against improper access and usage.

In public policy, authorization is a feature of trusted systems used for security or social control.

An example is the 2002 'The Theory of Everything: The Origin and Fate of the Universe' , which was collected from Stephen Hawking's lectures and published without his permission as per copyright law.