[1] This law has developed and expanded over time as various incidents of real life unfair play have been legislated against.
Fair and unfair play can also refer simply to conventions of the game that are often seen to conform with the Spirit of Cricket.
Players would use objects to rough up one side of the ball, and use resins and substances like Brylcreem to shine the other.
The umpires also award five penalty runs to the opposing team and report the incident to the authorities to which the player is responsible.
The umpire also informs the fielding captain of the incident and awards five penalty runs to the batting side.
[1] It is also unfair for a member of the fielding side to deliberately attempt to distract or obstruct either batsman after the striker has received the ball by word or action.
The bowling of fast short pitched balls may be judged dangerous by the umpire considering their speed, length, height and direction in relation to the skill of the batsman.
Each individual instance is called no-ball (or wide in the professional game) without contextual judgement of fairness, but if the umpire decides too many have been bowled, will intervene with the sequence of warning, suspension and reporting.
The same sanctions (no-ball, warning, suspension, reporting) apply as to fast short pitched balls.
If one is judged to have been bowled deliberately, no-ball is immediately called, the bowler is removed and is reported to the responsible authority for further disciplinary action.
If there is further time wasting by any batsman in that innings, the umpires award the fielding side 5 runs and inform the Governing Body so it may consider further disciplinary action.
The bowlers from the fielding side should not enter this area during the follow-through of their bowling action, nor should the batsman take guard within it or so close that they would frequently move into it.
A bowler will get two warnings should they run into the protected area; should they encroach again, they will be suspended from bowling for the remainder of the innings.