The agency responsible for implementation is the Social Security System (SSS), and also the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), the Philippine Health Insurance Corporation (PhilHealth), and the Pag-IBIG Fund (Home Development Mutual Fund) use the card.

In 2006, Kilusang Mayo Uno filed a case at the Supreme Court assailing the constitutionality of Executive Order (EO) 420, the legislation that mandated the creation of the UMID issued by President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, on the grounds that it allegedly usurped legislative functions by the executive branch of government by, among others, using public funds not appropriated by Congress, and that it violated constitutional provisions on the right to privacy by Filipinos.

Additionally, the Court said, "If government entities under the Executive department decide to unify their existing ID data collection and ID card issuance systems to achieve savings, efficiency, compatibility and convenience, such act does not involve the exercise of any legislative power."

As regards the people's right to privacy, the Court held that such right does not bar the adoption of reasonable ID systems by government entities.

Furthermore, the Court held that EO 420 contains provisions that institute safeguards to protect the collected data's confidentiality.