[2] Unit trains enable railways to compete more effectively with road and internal waterway transport systems.
Time and money are saved by avoiding the complexities and delays that would otherwise involve assembling and disassembling trains at rail yards near the origin and destination.
Some commodities (e.g., coal) can be loaded at the origin while the train moves slowly on a loop track.
The procedure is reversed at the receiving end, and because there generally is not any commodity to be hauled in the opposite direction, the train returns empty.
These can be solid substances such as: Bulk liquids are transported in unit trains made up of tank cars, such as: Food, such as: Other examples include: