Juice
Juice is a drink made from the extraction or pressing of the natural liquid contained in fruit and vegetables.
It can also refer to liquids that are flavored with concentrate or other biological food sources, such as meat or seafood, such as clam juice.
Juice emerged as a popular beverage choice after the development of pasteurization methods enabled its preservation without using fermentation (which is used in wine production).
His method involved filtering squeezed grape juice into bottles, sealing them with cork and wax, and then placing them in boiling water.
[6] In the late 18th-century United States, the circulation of foreign fruit juices was heavily regulated by tariffs.
[citation needed] Depending on trends and regulations, beverages listed as 100% juice may actually contain unlisted additives.
For example, most orange juice contains added ethyl butyrate (to enhance flavor), vitamin C (as ascorbic acid), and water (if from concentrate).
When fruit juice is too sour, acidic, or rich to consume, it may be diluted with water and sugar to create an -ade (such as lemonade, limeade, cherryade, and orangeade).
[2] In 2007, a report stated that fruit juice consumption overall in Europe, Australia, New Zealand, and the US had increased in recent years.
[14] In 2015, people in the United States consumed approximately 6.6 US gallons of juice per capita, with more than half of preschool-age children being regular drinkers.
[15] Juice is prepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating (sometimes referred to as cold pressing[16]) fruit or vegetable flesh without the application of heat or solvents.
Common methods for the preservation and processing of fruit juices include canning, pasteurization, concentrating,[17] freezing, evaporation, and spray drying.
[19] However, it was found that processing with high-intensity pulsed electric fields (PEF) can be applied to fruit juices to provide a shelf-stable and safe product.
PEFs kill microorganisms and provide better maintenance of the original colour, flavour, and nutritional value of the food as compared to heat treatments.
This method of preservation works by placing two electrodes between liquid juices, then applying high-voltage pulses for microseconds to milliseconds.
The high voltage of the pulses produces an electric field that results in the inactivation of microbes that may be present in the juice.
[23] High consumption of fruit juice with added sugar may be linked to weight gain,[24][25] but not all studies have shown this effect.
"[31] A 2025 umbrella review concluded that "the balance of evidence does not support the exclusion of 100% juice from food-based guides to healthy eating".
[35] As of 2017, the American Academy of Pediatrics says that fruit juice should not be given to children under the age of one due to its lack of nutritional benefit.
[39] Longitudinal prospective cohort studies showed a significantly increased risk of type 2 diabetes when juices with added sugars were consumed compared to eating whole fruits.
Sometimes other solid ingredients or nutritional supplements may be added as boosters, such as fresh bananas, nuts or nut butter, bodybuilding supplements, soy protein powder, or others such as whey or hemp protein powders, wheat germ, spirulina, or chlorella.
[3] The figurative meaning "wealthy, full of some desired quality" dates from the 1620s[3] (e.g., a pirate calling a heavily laden ship he aims to plunder a "juicy catch").
[42] The Catholic Church allows the use of unfermented grape juice in communion in the form of Must for cases where people are unable to drink alcohol.
