United Armenia

As a result of the subsequent war with Azerbaijan, Armenian forces established effective control over most of Nagorno-Karabakh and the surrounding districts, thus succeeding in the de facto unification of Armenia and Karabakh.

"[17] The idea of an independent and united Armenia was the main goal of the Armenian national liberation movement during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

[31] A 1918 book by American scholars Lothrop Stoddard and Glenn Frank, titled Stakes of the War listed 8 solutions to the Armenian Question as proposed by different parties.

[36] After its defeat in World War I, the Ottoman Empire and the Allies signed the Armistice of Mudros by which the Turkish troops left the Caucasus and by 1919 the Republic of Armenia established control over the former Kars Oblast, the city of Iğdır and its surrounding territory, including Mount Ararat.

Based on the calculations the committee made, the ethnic structure of the 3,570,000 population would have been: 49% Muslims (Turks, Kurds, Tartar Azerbaijanis, and others), 40% Armenians, 5% Laz, 4% Greeks, and 1% others.

In late September 1920, a war erupted between Armenia and the Mustafa Kemal-led Turkish nationalists (Government of the Grand National Assembly) led by Kâzım Karabekir took place.

"Stalin, perhaps, expected that the Turks, shocked by the Red Army's triumph, would give up, and Washington and London accept it as a fait accompli," writes Jamil Hasanli.

[57] On 7 June 1945 Soviet Foreign Minister Vyacheslav Molotov informed the Turkish ambassador in Moscow that the USSR demanded a revision of its border with Turkey.

[60][58] An Office of Strategic Services (predecessor of the CIA) document dated 31 July 1944 reported that the Armenian Revolutionary Federation changed its extreme anti-Soviet sentiment due to the rise of the Soviet power at the end of the war.

"[62] Armenia's Communist leader Grigor Harutunian defended the claims, describing Kars and Ardahan "of vital importance for the Armenian people as a whole."

[74] David C. Rapoport argues that these organizations were inspired by Gourgen Yanikian, a 77-year-old Armenian genocide survivor, who assassinated two Turkish consular officials in California in 1973 as an act of revenge against Turkey.

[84] Few days later, on 26 February, an anti-Armenian pogrom broke out in the Azerbaijani seaside industrial city Sumgait, forcing thousands of Armenians to leave Azerbaijan en masse.

Following the 2023 Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh from 19 to 20 September, which ended in the total defeat and collapse of Artsakh, Azerbaijan secured full control over the region.

He added, "negotiations between the republics of Turkey and Armenia triggering the first-ever sovereign reciprocal demarcation of the official frontier, including but not limited to provisions for an Armenian easement to the Black Sea.

[118][119] In the meantime, almost all Armenians from Azerbaijan (between 300,000 and 400,000)[120][121] and Azerbaijanis from Armenia (over 150,000) were forced to move to their respective countries as remaining in their homes became nearly impossible since tensions between the two groups have grown worse since the start of the conflict in 1988.

"[143] ARF Bureau Chairman Hrant Markarian declared in the 2004 party congress: "We want a strong, stable and autonomous Javakheti that is part of Georgia and enjoys state care.

[161] Since the Armenian Genocide, the area has been mostly settled by Kurds and Turks,[162] with smaller numbers of Azerbaijanis (near the Turkish-Armenian border)[163] and Georgians and Laz people in the northeastern provinces of Turkey.

[169] According to him the Treaty of Kars, which determined the current Turkish-Armenian border, has no legal value because it was signed between two internationally unrecognized subjects: Bolshevik Russia and Kemalist Turkey.

"[186] On 10 August 2020 Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan, President Armen Sarkissian and parliament speaker Ararat Mirzoyan issued statements on the centenary of the Sèvres Treaty.

In 1604–1605, Shah Abbas I, concerned that the lands of Nakhichevan and the surrounding areas could potentially pass into Ottoman hands, decided to institute a scorched earth policy.

[218] Rəfael Hüseynov, the director of the Nizami Museum of Azerbaijani Literature, in his written question to the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe in 2007 claimed that the "seizure Nakhichevan is one of the main military goals of Armenia.

"[219] Writing in the Harvard International Review in 2011 US-based Azerbaijani historian Alec Rasizade suggested that "Armenian ideologues have lately started to talk about the return of Nakhichevan.

A maximalist and expansionist option, advancing up to the Kura river is seen by analysts and military figures as a method of forcing Azerbaijan to surrender and give up its claims to Karabakh.

The explained the importance of the two as follows: Yevlakh is a major hub of the Baku-Tbilisi railway and the oil and gas pipelines, while the second would give Armenia an opportunity to assist the Talysh in reviving an independent state in the south of Azerbaijan.

[234][235] Following their release from prison after the 2018 Armenian Velvet Revolution, members of the armed group formed the Sasna Tsrer Pan-Armenian Party, which officially adopted "Kura-Arax Republic" as one of its objectives.

[236][237] Sefilian stated:[238] There are no public opinion data concerning the United Armenia concept, however, it is popular among Armenians according to Hürriyet Daily News.

[247] According to a 2013 Caucasus Barometer survey, when asked about having Nagorno-Karabakh as a formal part of Armenia, 77% of respondents "definitely favor" such a status, 13% would be "accepting under certain circumstances", and 7% oppose it.

It tells a story of a group of school children from Karin (Erzurum) in 2050 taking a trip throughout the "liberated from enemy" territories: Tigranakert, Baghesh (Bitlis), Mush and Akdamar Island.

[265] According to Prof. İdris Bal "Turkey considers Armenian policy (and the activities of its powerful diaspora groups) since 1989 to be against its national security interests and territorial integrity.

"[262] According to Hürriyet Daily News some "foreign policy experts draw attention to the fact that Armenia has territorial claims over Turkey, citing certain phrases in the Armenian Constitution and Declaration of Independence.

The modern concept of United Armenia as claimed by the Armenian Revolutionary Federation . [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Orange: areas overwhelmingly populated by Armenians (Republic of Armenia: 98%; [ 3 ] Javakheti: 95% [ 4 ] ).
Yellow: Historically Armenian areas with presently no or insignificant Armenian population (Western Armenia, Nakhchivan and recently Nagorno-Karabakh).
Note: Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) is shown in pre- 2020 de facto borders.
Mount Ararat , today located in Turkey, as seen from Armenia's capital Yerevan . The mountain is a symbol of Western Armenia for many Armenians. [ a ]
An ethnographic map of the Armenian Highland (and the wider Asia Minor and the Caucasus ), made by Richard Andree in 1905. Armenians are labeled in blue. [ 15 ]
Map of the 1915 Armenian genocide
A map presented by the Armenian National Delegation (representing Ottoman Armenians ) [ 32 ] to the 1919 Paris Peace Conference . [ 33 ]
Armenia's Prime Minister Alexander Khatisian declared the formal unification of the Armenian lands in 1919.
The Armenian-Turkish border by the Treaty of Sèvres
Armenian and Georgian claims to Turkish Territory, British Foreign Office , May 1946
The logo of ASALA , depicted here on a memorial at the Yerablur cemetery, was the outline map of United Armenia.
Posters of the nationalist National Democratic Pole party in Freedom Square, Yerevan featuring a map of United Armenia, November 2022.
The territory controlled by the Armenian forces in the Nagorno-Karabakh Republic until 2020 shown in brown
Javakheti (Javakhk) shown in red on the map of Georgia with Samtskhe-Javakheti provincial borders outlined.
Abkhazia and South Ossetia , both areas are not under the control of the central government of Georgia, [ 132 ] shown in light grey.
Nakhichevan shown in brown. The area formerly held by the dissolved Nagorno-Karabakh Republic until 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh war and 2023 offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh shown in yellow and red respectively.
Lebanese Armenians holding a poster during Turkish Prime Minister Erdoğan 's visit to Beirut in November 2010. [ 239 ] The text reads " [Mount] Ararat is and remains Armenian".
A graffiti in Yerevan of the map outline of Armenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. The text reads "Liberated, not occupied."
The map of Armenia as seen in 2005 animated film Road home .
Some Turkish sources have speculated that the coat of arms of Armenia , which features Mount Ararat , currently located in Turkey, is part of the Armenian claims. [ 260 ] [ 261 ] [ 262 ]