795) on the Empire of Japan in response to its surprise attack on Pearl Harbor and subsequent declaration of war the prior day.

Thus uniting one hundred million hearts and discharging the fullest strength of the nation, we expect all our subjects to strive to attain the ultimate objective of this expedition.

"[6] However, because of the very secret nature of the message, it had to be decoded, translated and typed up by senior embassy officials, who were unable to do these tasks in the available time.

[8] The United Kingdom declared war on Japan nine hours before the U.S. did, partially due to Japanese attacks on the British colonies of Malaya, Singapore, and Hong Kong; and partially due to Winston Churchill's promise to declare war "within the hour" of a Japanese attack on the United States.

[10] President Roosevelt formally requested the declaration in his Day of Infamy Speech, addressed to a joint session of Congress and the nation at 12:30 p.m. on December 8.

[11] The first woman elected to Congress, Jeannette Rankin, a Montana Republican and outspoken pacifist, cast the only vote against the declaration, eliciting hisses from some of her peers.