[1] In 1973, Roy Mandujano negotiated with an undercover narcotics officer to purchase an ounce of heroin for six hundred fifty dollars.

Mandujano was then called before the grand jury, where he testified regarding his familiarity of the heroin industry in San Antonio, Texas.

The United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit affirmed the decision to throw out the perjury charges on June 28, 1974.

The Supreme Court determined that the grand jury is an integral part of the United States constitutional heritage which was brought with the common law.

[4] This case is worth noting for how the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit summarized approaches to defining what constitutes an "attempt" to commit a crime.