[1] The appeals court upheld their convictions, but also ruled that bulk telephone data collection by the National Security Agency, the details of which were leaked by Edward Snowden, was illegal.

The case proceeded slowly because of classified data, taking seven years.

[2] On September 2, 2020, a unanimous decision by the three-judge panel was published.

[2] They ruled that bulk collection of telephone data was illegal because it violated the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act.

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