Like the university, it was established in 1811 with Georg Sverdrup as the first head librarian.
It originally doubled as the Norwegian national library, and was located at the old University of Oslo campus.
In 1913 the current library building in Henrik Ibsens gate was completed.
In 1989 the institution National Library of Norway was established.
The same year, the University Library left the building in Henrik Ibsens gate for the newly constructed Georg Sverdrup's House, located at the modern University of Oslo campus at Blindern.