The university traces its founding to 16 December 1955 and the formation of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Antananarivo.
It established itself as the main center for higher education in the country, and was renamed the University of Madagascar in 1961.
Robert Mallet taught in Madagascar from 1959 to 1964, where he founded the Faculty of Letters at the University of Antananarivo, of which he was the first Dean.
[4] With the Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Ministry of Higher Education), staff of the university oversee MadaRevues, a website compilation of scientific journals published in Madagascar.
[5] The university's sports facilities were used for the official 2011 African Basketball Championship.