It is one of the oldest and leading universities in medicine in the country's Eastern Province.

It is named after Abdul Rahman bin Faisal, the last ruler of the Second Saudi State and the father of King Abdulalziz ibn Saud, the founder and first monarch of Saudi Arabia Dr. Abdullah Al-Rubaish is its President.

The main campus is in the coastal area of Al-Rakah (situated between Dammam and Khobar).

In May 2021, Dr. Ebtisam Mohammed Al-Mathal, who is the dean of human resources and a professor of parasitology in the science faculty, was appointed secretary of the board of trustees at the university.

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