University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test

[1] UPSIT was created by University of Pennsylvania physician and professor of psychology and otorhinolaryngology Richard Doty.

The original test has been altered in several ways to be useful in numerous languages and cultures.

There are also several trends that are found when UPSIT is administered based on demographics such as age, gender, history of smoking and other characteristics.

[2] The UPSIT is a measurement of the individual's ability to detect odors at a suprathreshold level.

After each scent is released, the patient smells the level and detects the odor from the four choices.

[4] There have been British, Chinese, French, German, Italian, Korean and Spanish UPSIT versions made.

Overall, women have a higher functioning olfactory system than men do starting from a young age.

The length of time it can take for smokers to regain this level depends on the duration and intensity of their smoking habits.

This includes large urban cities and certain industries, for example paper and chemical manufacturing.

After the commercial release of UPSIT, there have been many studies published that have shown olfactory dysfunction in patients with PD.

[citation needed] After it was discovered that smell tests can differentiate PD from progressive supranuclear palsy, essential tremor, and parkinsonism induced by MPTP, many studies were undertaken.

[citation needed] It has been shown that the olfactory bulb is one of the two main regions where PD seems to begin.