The mortality rate of British soldiers in Jamaica was very high, particular as a result of yellow fever.
A 156-acre (0.63 km2) estate known as Up Park Pen was purchased by the War Department in 1784, to set up barracks.
However, the mortality rate fell only when many were posted away to a hill station at Newcastle, high in the Blue Mountains.
The camp expanded in the 19th century, and was a base for the West India Regiments.
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