Swabian splits off from Alemannic due to the New High German diphthongisation (neuhochdeutsche Diphthongierung).

[5] Upper German proper comprises the Alemannic and Bavarian dialect groups.

Furthermore, the High Franconian dialects, spoken up to the Speyer line isogloss in the north, are often also included in the Upper German dialect group.

Upper German is divided roughly in multiple different ways,[6] for example in:[7][8] or:[9] or:[10][11] or writing dialects (Schriftdialekte, Schreibdialekte) in the Early New High German times:[12] In English there is also a grouping into:[13] Attempts to group East Franconian and North Bavarian together as North Upper German are not justified[14] and were not sustainable.

[15] Other ways to group Alemannic include:[22] Sometimes the dialect of the Western Lake (Seealemannisch, literally Lake Alemannic) (northern of the Bodensee) is differentiated.