An urban kibbutz (Hebrew: קיבוץ עירוני, Kibbutz Ironi) is a form of kibbutz located within an existing city.
There are currently just over 100 in Israel, totalling around 2,000 members.
[1] Although there were attempts to form urban kibbutzim in the early 20th century, their success was limited and most failed.
[2] The idea was revived in the 1970s when they were established as co-operative communities by former kibbutz members and Nahal graduates.
They were created as a way of retaining the kibbutz lifestyle whilst moving into mainstream society,[1] but more recently have been seen as a way of combatting social problems; in Haifa the city council asked members of the HaNoar HaOved VeHaLomed youth group to form an urban kibbutz in the Hadar neighbourhood in order to work with at-risk children.