Nagogo commenced his education under Islamic scholar Attahiru, who taught the future Emir and his brother in Katsina's Gambarawa Quarters.

He commenced his elementary education in 1921 at Katsina Provincial School,[3] but was interrupted by his father's visit to England, where the two met King George V of the United Kingdom.

[3] Nagogo was officially installed as the tenth Emir of Katsina by Arthur Richards, Governor of Northern Nigeria, on May 19, 1944, although he had succeeded his deceased father to the position in March.

On January 12, 1946, King George VI of the United Kingdom appointed him as a federal minister of the colony.

[9] Another son, Hassan Katsina (born 1933), joined the Nigerian Army, eventually rising to the position of Major General and was appointed Governor of Northern Nigeria after the 1966 January coup.