A V-drive is a power transmission system for boats that consists (usually) of two gearboxes, two drive shafts, and a propeller.
This primary gearbox typically drives a short shaft forward to a transfer gearbox which reverses the transmission to the main tailshaft which is directed rearwards the propeller, at a "V" angle to the short shaft.
A V-drive system variation is for the tailshaft to drive a saildrive propeller, mounted on a skeg below the hull.
V-drives are typically fitted to (i) sport motorboats or (ii) cruising yachts and catamarans.
This can give a flatter ride (getting the boat planing earlier), greater choice of propellers, and a safer stern access for swimmers.