V-tail

Other examples include the Lockheed F-117 Nighthawk stealth attack aircraft and the Fouga CM.170 Magister trainer.

The Ultraflight Lazair ultralights, of which over 2,000 were produced, featured an inverted V-tail, which also carried the rear landing gear.

However, NACA studies indicated that the V-tail surfaces must be larger than simple projection into the vertical and horizontal planes would suggest, such that total wetted area is roughly constant; reduction of intersection surfaces from three to two does, however, produce a net reduction in drag through elimination of some interference drag.

While the Bonanza met the initial certification requirements, it had a history of fatal mid-air breakups during extreme stress, at a rate exceeding the accepted norm.

[citation needed] This tendency, called "snaking", was apparent on taking off and landing on the Fouga CM.170 Magister, which has a relatively short fuselage.

[10] Later Polish engineer Jerzy Rudlicki designed the first practical ruddervators in 1930, tested on a modified Hanriot HD.28 trainer in 1931.

Pitch nose down is produced by moving the control column or stick forward which induces the opposite ruddervator movements.

1950 V-tailed B35 still operated by the National Test Pilot School at the Mojave Air and Space Port
Rear view of the Cirrus Vision SF50 's V-tail and engine outlet
The V-tail of a Belgian Air Force Fouga CM.170 Magister
An Ultraflight Lazair showing its inverted V-tail covered with translucent Tedlar
A top-down view of the Northrop YF-23 Gray Ghost prototype fighter jet, showing its distinctive wide V-tail and ruddervators