The first prototypes were built in 1983 and were tested on the experimental ring at the All-Russian Research Institute of Railway Transport (VNIIZhT).

The VL85 is twin-section electric locomotive consisting of two identical units, resting on three two axle bogies, and powered by twelve NB-514 traction motors delivering a continuous output of 12,450 horsepower (9.28 MW).

The locomotives are equipped for regenerative braking and are designed to operate in temperatures from −50 to 40 °C (−58 to 104 °F), and at altitudes up to 1,400 meters (4,600 ft).

These rectifiers use thyristor control and also convert power back to alternating current during regenerative braking.

Despite the theoretically greater adhesion that should be provided by the new suspension system (the point of transfer is below the axles) these units are noted as being slightly less 'grippy' than their VL80R predecessor, possibly due to difficulty in attaining perfect weight distribution across the three bogies.