Vaccination schedule

A vaccine is an antigenic preparation used to produce active immunity to a disease, in order to prevent or reduce the effects of infection by any natural or "wild" pathogen.

[8] Additional vaccines are given to individuals more likely to come into contact with specific diseases through work or travel (e.g. military), or after potentially infectious exposure.

All vaccines available under the Australian immunization schedule are free of charge under the Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme.

In Hong Kong, Department of Health is responsible for providing free vaccinations from newborns up to primary school students.

In India, the standard vaccination schedule is recommended by the Indian Academy of Paediatrics(IAP).

)[33][34] Some vaccinations are scheduled in line with the school year system, which starts from April 1 in Japan.

Major additions, replacements and removals from the New Zealand Immunization Schedule include:[37] All recommended vaccines are provide free of charge by the Federal Ministry of Health.

Those adults at risk of contaminated cuts (e.g., gardeners) may have booster tetanus vaccination every ten years.

[41] Flu vaccine is recommended for anyone who is aged 65 years and over, people with certain long-term medical conditions, health and social care professionals, pregnant women, and poultry workers.

[43] The most up-to-date schedules are available from CDC's National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.

By the early 1950s, children routinely received three vaccines, for protection against diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus, and smallpox, and as many as five shots by two years of age.