Vacuum distillation

For samples with high boiling points, short-path distillation apparatus is commonly employed.

[5] [6] Rotary evaporation[7] is a common technique used in laboratories to concentrate or isolate a compound from solution.

It is also used by environmental regulatory agencies for determining the amount of solvents in paints, coatings and inks.

Wrapping as much of the glassware with tape as is practical helps to prevent dangerous scattering of glass shards in the event of an implosion.

Close boiling mixtures may require many equilibrium stages to separate the key components.

[citation needed] Vacuum distillation can improve a separation by:[citation needed] Petroleum crude oil is a complex mixture of hundreds of different hydrocarbon compounds generally having from 3 to 60 carbon atoms per molecule, although there may be small amounts of hydrocarbons outside that range.

Formation of coke would result in plugging the tubes in the furnace that heats the feed stream to the crude oil distillation column.

[citation needed] The constraint imposed by limiting the column inlet crude oil to a temperature of less than 370 to 380 °C yields a residual oil from the bottom of the atmospheric distillation column consisting entirely of hydrocarbons that boil above 370 to 380 °C.

The absolute pressure of 10 to 40 mmHg in the vacuum column is most often achieved by using multiple stages of steam jet ejectors.

Their flagship spirit, Helena, is created using Koji, alongside Pilsner Malt and Belgian Saison Yeast.

Figure 1: At atmospheric pressure, dimethyl sulfoxide boils at 189 °C. In the vacuum apparatus here, it distills off into the connected receiver flask on the left at only 70 °C.
Figure 2: Simplified animation of a typical dry vacuum distillation column as used in oil refineries
Figure 3: Large-scale vacuum distillation tower at the Fawley oil refinery [ 9 ]