From November to December 1994, Shumkov worked as an accounting economist at the oil-Yugansk branch of Tyumenprofbank, and from January to March 1995, as a legal adviser for the securities department of Yuganskneftegaz JSC (asset of YUKOS).

From April 1995 to November 1998, he consecutively held the positions of Assistant to the President, Legal Counsel and General Director of Yuganskpromfinko.

[5] By appointment of the Arbitration Court of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug, from June 1998 to June 2000, he was the bankruptcy administrator of AOZT ATO-2, from December 1998 to January 2000 - the bankruptcy administrator of OOO Yuganskpromfinko, from February 2001 to May 2002 - external manager of OJSC “Nefteyugansk river port” (from July 2000 to February 2001 he was a legal adviser of LLC “Trading house”).

[6] In February 2004, the Governor of the Tyumen Oblast, Sergey Sobyanin, signed a decree on the creation of a department for strategic development of the region.

In July 2006, by the decision of Governor Vladimir Yakushev, a department for investment policy and state support for entrepreneurship of the Tyumen Oblast was created in the structure of the regional administration.

[12] From 2015 to 2016, he organized the construction of a chapel in the village of Shastovo in honor of the Descent of the Holy Spirit on the Apostles in memory of the soldiers for the Faith, Fatherland and people who laid down their lives.

By the decree of the Russian President, Vladimir Putin, on 2 October 2018, Shumkov was appointed Acting Governor of the Kurgan Oblast.

[20] On 10 September 2019, Shumkov announced the extension of the term of office of the senator from the executive branch of the Kurgan region Yelena Perminova for a new term (in addition to her, before the elections, he named Sergey Lisovsky and the head of the financial department of the region Konstantin Yermakov as his possible candidates for members of the Federation Council).

[25] On 25 October 2019, the police began an investigation at the request of the director of the Siberian-Ural Energy Company (SUENKO) Danil Anuchin, who accused blogger Ilya Vinstein of violating Article 282 of the Criminal Code of the Russia (Incitement to hatred or enmity, as well as humiliation of human dignity) and 20.3 of the Administrative Code (Propaganda or a public demonstration of Nazi paraphernalia or symbols) on the fact of the publication of a satirical video on the social network VKontakte, where the scene of the meeting with Adolf Hitler from the movie "Bunker" was provided with subtitles imitating the meeting with the governor Shumkov.

The eldest son Ivan retired to the reserve after military service, served in the presidential regiment, he has a twin sister Maria.

[34] In February 2023, following the Russian invasion of Ukraine, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury added Shumkov to the Specially Designated Nationals and Blocked Persons List due to his involvement in the enforcement of the conscription of Russian citizens in response to the 2022 mobilization order during the invasion.