Born in Brighton to hat maker Francis William Robert Doube and Honora Fitzgerald, Doube was educated at St James' School in Gardenvale before studying at Melbourne University, receiving a Diploma of Physical Education in 1940.
He taught physical education in primary schools from 1933 until 1941, when he enlisted in the Australian Imperial Force.
In 1945, the year he joined the Labor Party, Doube began work at the Department of Immigration.
He was appointed Minister for Health in March 1955 but lost the position following Labor's crushing defeat at that year's elections.
Doube held his seat until 1961, when he was defeated, but returned to the Assembly in 1970 as the member for Albert Park.