Central results include: The book has 19 chapters and the following outline: It begins with a simplified case and generalises from it.
The basic hypothesis is the set of restrictions on the utility function and demand equilibrium that results as to the consumer's budget constraint.
This is also consistent with the distinction between real and nominal values and represents a common hypothesis in economics of no money illusion.
It derives the conditions under which the demand properties in equilibrium as to the price ratio and the marginal rate of substitution attributed to the 2-good case apply to the more general case, allowing the neat distinction between the income effect and the substitution effect.
In his Nobel lecture, Hicks cites Value and Capital for clarifying an aspect of what became known as the aggregation problem.