Vanceboro is a town in Washington County, Maine, United States.

[3] Vanceboro was selected as the border crossing for the European and North American Railway (E&NA) between Bangor, Maine, and Saint John, New Brunswick, during surveys in the 1860s.

This line was opened by U.S. President Ulysses S. Grant and Governor General of Canada Lord Lisgar during a ceremony at the border in October 1871.

In 1882, the E&NA's rail line from Vanceboro to Bangor was leased by the Maine Central Railroad.

On February 2, 1915, Lt. Werner Horn, a German army reservist, bombed the international railway bridge crossing the St. Croix River from Vanceboro into Canada in an unsuccessful attempt to sabotage the CPR line across Maine; it was alleged that the railway was being used to transport war material across the then-neutral United States territory.

The racial makeup of the town was 95.0% White, 0.7% Native American, 0.7% Asian, and 3.6% from two or more races.

23.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

There were 19.5% of families and 18.4% of the population living below the poverty line, including 8.0% of under eighteens and 14.3% of those over 64.