Vanuatu competed at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan.

[1] This was the nation's ninth consecutive appearance at the Summer Olympics.

Vanuatu entered one male judoka into the Olympic tournament based on the International Judo Federation Olympics Individual Ranking.

[2] Vanuatu entered one boat in the men's single sculls for the games, after receiving the tripartite invitation quotas.

Yoshua Shing received an invitation to compete, based on the rankings, following the cancellation of the 2021 Oceanian Olympics Qualification Tournament.