He later joined the Georgian Social Federalist Party and was elected, in 1905, to the Russian Fourth Duma for the Kutais Governorate (western Georgia).

Varlam Gelovani was a close friend of Alexander Kerensky, who would become Prime Minister of Russia in February–October 1917.

During World War I, Gelovani led a Red Cross detachment of the Duma members to the Caucasus front where he died of typhus.

The obituary in the literary magazine Zvezda (the Star) was written by Kerensky.

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