[5] On 8 December 1999, officials of the Income Tax department raided the offices of Sterlite located at Dhanraj Mahal, Apollo Bunder and Tulsiani Chambers, Mumbai, and seized many documents.

The IT department then decided to engage the services of ED officials as it appeared that there could have been a violation of the country's foreign exchange laws.

After analyzing these documents, the ED inferred that Twinstar was incorporated with the sole intention of acquiring an interest in Sterlite.

It was bought over in 1955, with equal shareholding, by Gewerkeshaft Exploration e Bergbau and Ferromin S.p.A., a subsidiary of Finsider S.p.A. (of IRI group), which eventually acquired the other half stake in 1963.

[10] In the 1990s, Sesa Goa began further expansion, aided by an influx of foreign investment during the economic liberalization of India enforced by the World Bank and IMF.

The pig iron plant was located at Amona, Goa and had an annual production capacity of 250,000 tonnes per annum.

In 1999, Sesa Goa started mining operations in Barbil, which has the fifth largest deposit of iron ore and manganese in the world.

Sesa Kembla completed the creation of an indigenous and environment-friendly technology that produced high-quality metallurgical coke.

[15] In 2009, Sesa Goa acquired Goa-based Dempo Group's mining and maritime businesses for ₹17.5 billion (US$200 million) in an all-cash deal.

[21] In 2015, Sterlite Industries and Sesa Goa announced their merger and finally merged into a single entity in August 2015.

[23] On 11 April 2017, Cairn India merged with Vedanta Limited to consolidate its position as one of the largest diversified natural resources companies in the world.

[26] In September 2022, Vedanta signed a pact with Foxconn as a technical partner to invest ₹1.54 trillion (US$18 billion) to set up semiconductor and display production plants in Gujarat.

[27][28] Barely a year later in July 2023 the venture was ended with mutual agreement with both companies maintaining that they are still looking to set up semiconductor foundries in India.

The investment is part of a strategy involving over 50 active projects expected to generate additional revenues of over $6 billion, with plans for a significant vertical split leading to the creation of five newly listed companies.

[49] Vedanta Management has shared its intentions to delist company from stock exchanges subject to Shareholders approval.

In early 2016, due to local protests related to environment pollution, the plant was temporarily shut down by the Tamil Nadu state government.

Sesa Sterlite owns 64.9% of the share capital of HZL, while the Government of India remains an equity partner and holds a 29.5% stake.

[54] The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) ranked Vedanta Limited and its subsidiary Hindustan Zinc among the top ten sustainable firms in India.

Sterlite further countered that contrary to the rumours that were being circulated, they did not pump any water from the plant into the sea which lay more than 10 kilometers away.

[62][63] In May 2018, amidst ongoing protests by thousands of people, matters turned rough one day and the police opened fire on demonstrators.

Subsequent to the firing, the Tamil Nadu chief minister Palaniswami ordered a judicial inquiry into the shootings but defended the police response.

[66] Vedanta Aluminium received the recognition of "Indian Affairs India's Most Valuable Aluminum Producing Company of the Year 2018" & Its CEO Abhijit Pati in the category of "Indian Affairs Innovative CEO of the year 2018" at the Satya Brahma 9th Annual India Leadership Conclave 2018 in Mumbai.