The aspects of a vehicle's design which affect the dynamics can be grouped into drivetrain and braking, suspension and steering, distribution of mass, aerodynamics and tires.
These include: Some attributes or aspects of vehicle dynamics are purely due to mass and its distribution.
[1] This can be as straightforward as a simple spring mass system, through a three-degree of freedom (DoF) bicycle model, to a large degree of complexity using a multibody system simulation package such as MSC ADAMS or Modelica.
[2] The tire model must produce realistic shear forces during braking, acceleration, cornering, and combinations, on a range of surface conditions.
However, improvements in computer speed have combined with interest in realistic physics, leading to driving simulators that are used for vehicle engineering using detailed models such as CarSim.