Vielsalm (French pronunciation: [vjɛlsalm]; Walloon: Li Viye Såm) is a municipality of Wallonia located in the province of Luxembourg, Belgium.

Vielsalm means literally "Old Salm" because, at some point, the Lord moved his castle which became the new town centre.

Other population centers include Commanster, Fraiture, Farnières, Hébronval, Ottré, Provedroux, Jubiéval, Regné, Rencheux, Ville-du-Bois, Petit-Halleux and Salmchâteau.

The town is situated between two main motorways, the E25 (N30) from Liège to Bastogne and the E42 (N62) at St. Vith which leads to Bitburg just across the border in Germany.

The extracted coticule in Vielsalm owes its very fine abrasive properties to spessartine, which is a particular variety of garnet.

The coticule is a metamorphic microcristalin schist, very fine grained, 35 to 40% of it small crystals of spessartine, of about 5 to 20 μm in diameter.

Daily administration, by way implementing council resolutions, is the duty of the College of Aldermen, led by a mayor, acting as an executive body.

The council is directly elected by the people to determine tax collection and expenditure, decide education issues, maintenance of the buildings, roads and green areas etc.